Saya kira catatan kaki bukanlah sesuatu yang asing lagi bagi Kerabat Nara. Dalam makalah ilmiah, catatan kaki sering sekali dimanfaatkan. Bahkan, ada karya sastra, seperti novel, cerpen, dan puisi, yang menggunakan catatan kaki guna membantu pembaca dalam memahami konteks cerita.
Ternyata, menulis catatan kaki tidak semudah itu. Ada ketentuan-ketentuan yang sebaiknya diikuti sehingga catatan kaki mampu memberikan informasi yang dibutuhkan oleh pembaca.
Dalam buku Panduan Penyusunan Kutipan & Daftar Pustaka LIPI Press (2019), definisi catatan kaki adalah catatan pengacuan, rujukan, penjelasan, atau komentar yang diletakkan di dasar halaman teks tercetak. Pengertian tersebut dikemukakan oleh M.A. Rifai pada 2005. Dari definisi tersebut, kita bisa melihat bahwa catatan kaki tidak selalu berfungsi sebagai pengacuan dan perujukan. Catatan kaki yang berupa penjelasan atau komentar barangkali lebih sering kita temui pada karya tulis populer, seperti teks sastra, jurnal ilmiah populer, atau produk-produk jurnalistik.
Sementara itu, dalam modul Bahasa Indonesia: Sebuah Pengantar Penulisan Ilmiah (2021), catatan kaki mempunyai empat fungsi utama sebagai berikut:
- Menyusun pembuktian, khususnya yang berkaitan dengan pembuktian kebenaran yang
dilakukan oleh penulis lain
- Menjadi referensi atau untuk menyatakan utang budi kepada penulis yang teksnya digunakan sebagai bahan kutipan
- Menyampaikan keterangan tambahan yang dibutuhkan, tetapi tidak berkaitan langsung dengan karya ilmiah yang ditulis
- Merujuk pada bagian lain dari karya ilmiah
Catatan kaki sebagai referensi atau rujukan adalah wujud pertanggungjawaban penulis terhadap sumber-sumber pengetahuan yang dia kutip.
Lalu, mengenai penulisannya, catatan kaki terletak pada akhir halaman dengan superskrip, yakni ‘tanda pembeda yang dituliskan di sebelah atas suatu lambang’. Contohnya seperti ini: ³Gorys Keraf, Argumentasi dan Narasi (Jakarta: Gramedia, 1982), hlm. 25. Di situ, terdapat nama penulis, judul dokumen yang dirujuk, tempat dan tahun penerbitan, serta jilid dan nomor halaman.
Perlu diingat, nama penulis yang baru pertama kali disebutkan tidak perlu dibalik. Hal ini berbeda dengan sistem penulisan daftar pustaka. Ciri lain yang membedakan catatan kaki dengan daftar pustaka adalah penggunaan tanda koma. Nama penulis dan judul dokumen dipisahkan bukan oleh tanda titik, melainkan tanda koma. Lebih lanjut, judul dokumen dan data penerbitan tidak perlu dipisahkan dengan tanda baca apa pun. Kemudian, lokasi dan nama penerbit serta tahun penerbitan diapit dengan tanda kurung.
Ibid., Op. cit, dan Loc. cit.
Ada pula formula yang perlu Kerabat Nara ketahui guna memperpendek penulisan catatan kaki. Sebagian dari kita mungkin pernah mendengar singkatan ibid., op. cit., dan loc. cit. Berikut adalah pengertian dan fungsi setiap singkatan itu:
- Ibid. digunakan ketika sebuah karya telah dirujuk dalam nomor sebelumnya pada catatan kaki. Contoh:
¹Gorys Keraf, Argumentasi dan Narasi (Jakarta: Gramedia, 1982), hlm. 25.
²Ibid. hlm. 26.
Apabila halaman yang dirujuk adalah halaman yang sama, kita cukup menulis Ibid. saja.
- Op. cit digunakan ketika sebuah karya telah dirujuk dalam nomor sebelumnya pada catatan kaki, tetapi diselingi dengan karya lain. Contoh:
¹Gorys Keraf, Argumentasi dan Narasi (Jakarta: Gramedia, 1982), hlm. 25.
²Sabarti Akhadiah, Maidar G. Arsjad, dan Sakura H. Ridwan, Pembinaan Kemampuan Menulis Bahasa Indonesia (Jakarta: Erlangga, 1988), hlm. 35.
³Keraf op. cit. hlm. 30.
Apabila halaman yang dirujuk adalah halaman yang sama, kita cukup menulis op. cit saja.
- Loc. cit digunakan ketika sebuah karya dalam antologi, majalah, ensiklopedia, atau kumpulan karya lainnya telah disebutkan dalam nomor sebelumnya pada catatan kaki, tetapi diselingi dengan catatan kaki dari sumber yang berbeda. Contoh:
¹Robert Ralph Bolgar, “Rhetoric,” Encyclopaedia Britannica (1970), XIX, 257–260.
²Keraf, Komposisi (Jakarta: Gramedia, 1981), hlm. 125.
³Bolgar, loc. cit., hlm. 260.
Begitulah panduan untuk menyusun catatan kaki dalam sebuah tulisan. Silakan adopsi format dan ketentuan tersebut sesuai dengan gaya selingkung Kerabat Nara.
#catatankaki #ibid #opcit #locit
Rujukan:
- Panduan Penyusunan Kutipan & Daftar Pustaka LIPI Press. 2019. Jakarta: LIPI Press.
- Utorodewo, Felicia N., dkk. 2012. Bahasa Indonesia: Sebuah Pengantar Penulisan Ilmiah. Jakarta: Lembaga Penerbit FEUI.
Penulis: Yudhistira
Penyunting: Ivan Lanin
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