KBBI dan EYD tidak kompak dalam menyebut nama tanda baca berupa tiga titik (…) yang berjejer. KBBI (Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia) menyebutnya elipsis, sedangkan EYD (Ejaan Bahasa Indonesia yang Disempurnakan) menggunakan istilah tanda elipsis. KBBI tidak menggunakan kata tanda, sedangkan EYD memakainya, padahal entri tanda elipsis tidak ada di KBBI. Mestinya, paling tidak entri itu ada di KBBI meski diarahkan ke entri elipsis.
Elipsis didefinisikan KBBI sebagai ‘tanda berupa tiga titik yang diapit spasi (…), menggambarkan kalimat yang terputus-putus atau menunjukkan bahwa dalam suatu petikan ada bagian yang dihilangkan’. EYD menetapkan empat aturan penggunaan tanda elipsis sebagai berikut.
- Tanda elipsis digunakan untuk menunjukkan bahwa dalam suatu kalimat atau kutipan ada bagian yang dihilangkan atau tidak disebutkan.
- Tanda elipsis digunakan untuk menulis ujaran yang tidak selesai dalam dialog.
- Tanda elipsis digunakan untuk menandai jeda panjang dalam tuturan yang dituliskan.
- Tanda elipsis di akhir kalimat diikuti dengan tanda baca akhir kalimat berupa tanda titik, tanda tanya, atau tanda seru.
Kata elipsis kita serap dari kata bahasa Latin ellipsis melalui bahasa Belanda. Bahasa Inggris juga menyerap kata bahasa Latin itu. Oxford English Dictionary (OED) mencantumkan dua arti ellipsis: ‘the omission from speech or writing of a word or words that are superfluous or able to be understood from contextual clues’ dan ‘a set of dots indicating an ellipsis’. Merriam-Webster Dictionary (MW) mencantumkan tiga arti:
- the omission of one or more words that are obviously understood but that must be supplied to make a construction grammatically complete,
- a sudden leap from one topic to another, dan
- marks or a mark (such as … ) indicating an omission (as of words) or a pause.
Dari definisi dalam dua kamus bahasa Inggris itu, kita melihat bahwa ellipsis memiliki dua arti, yaitu penghilangan (omission) kata dan tanda baca yang menunjukkan penghilangan atau jeda. Istilah yang digunakan ellipsis, bukan ellipsis mark. KBBI dapat menambahkan arti elipsis sebagai penghilangan kata. EYD pun dapat menyelaraskan istilah yang digunakan: elipsis, bukan tanda elipsis.
Baru bicara soal istilah saja sudah panjang, ya? 😅
Sekarang, kita bicarakan soal penulisan elipsis. Definisi KBBI dan aturan EYD menetapkan keberadaan spasi sebelum dan sesudah elipsis, baik sebagai tanda bagian yang dihilangkan, ujaran yang tidak selesai, maupun jeda yang panjang. EYD pun mengatur bahwa elipsis di akhir kalimat diikuti tanda baca penutup. Jadi, kalau penutupnya tanda titik, ada empat tanda titik yang berderet: tiga dari elipsis dan satu dari tanda titik penutup.
Contoh:
- … peluang besar kita untuk meraih Indonesia Emas 2045.
- Bonus demografi … meraih Indonesia Emas 2045.
- Bonus demografi dengan puncak pada 2030-an adalah peluang besar kita ….
Beberapa media massa Indonesia, seperti Kompas dan Tempo, menerapkan gaya selingkung untuk tidak memberikan spasi sebelum tanda elipsis (setelah kata), tetapi tetap memberikan spasi sesudah elipsis (sebelum kata).
Contoh:
- … peluang besar kita untuk meraih Indonesia Emas 2045.
- Bonus demografi… meraih Indonesia Emas 2045.
- Bonus demografi dengan puncak pada 2030-an adalah peluang besar kita….
Perbedaan cara penulisan spasi sebelum elipsis antara EYD dan beberapa media massa itu sering membuat orang bingung. Saya sendiri memilih mengikuti EYD. Jika saya mengirimkan tulisan ke media massa yang menerapkan gaya selingkung sendiri, editor mereka pasti menyunting tulisan saya. Biar saja mereka bekerja. Kita tidak usah ikut bingung.
Penulis: Ivan Lanin
Penyunting: Rifka Az-zahra
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