Pada 26 Oktober 2021, Narabahasa menggelar acara Selisik Kebahasaan (Lisan) yang ke-7. Episode tersebut mengangkat topik “Mengenal Alih dan Campur Kode” dan mengundang Rahmat Petuguran sebagai narasumber. Beliau merupakan seorang dosen jurusan Bahasa dan Sastra Indonesia dari Universitas Negeri Semarang.
Sebelumnya, saya sudah membahas alih dan campur kode dalam artikel “Perbedaan Alih Kode dengan Campur Kode”. Keduanya merupakan fenomena yang lumrah terjadi akibat multilingualisme. Dalam artikel itu pula saya mengemukakan ciri-ciri alih kode dan campur kode. Namun, dalam sesi Lisan tempo hari, saya menemukan penjelasan yang menarik dari Bapak Rahmat, yakni mengenai pasar linguistik dan sikap bahasa yang memicu terjadinya fenomena alih kode dan campur kode.
Pasar linguistik adalah sebuah istilah yang dipopulerkan oleh Pierre Bourdieu, seorang pemikir asal Prancis. Bahasa bisa dianggap sebagai komoditas yang dijual di pasar. Ibaratnya, dalam keseharian, kita sedang berada di pasar dan memilih bahasa yang paling cocok untuk dipakai. Kita pun menggunakan bahasa yang dapat membawa keuntungan personal ataupun kolektif. Dengan kata lain, berdasarkan kacamata setiap penutur, bahasa memiliki tingkatan dan pamor; bahasa satu bisa saja lebih beperbawa dibanding bahasa lain.
Konsep berikutnya yang disampaikan Pak Rahmat adalah sikap bahasa atau language attitude. Dalam Kamus Linguistik Edisi Keempat (2009), sikap bahasa berarti ‘posisi mental atau perasaan terhadap bahasa sendiri atau bahasa orang lain’. Apakah sikap bahasa memengaruhi kondisi pasar linguistik atau justru sebaliknya? Saya rasa, keduanya saling berkelindan. Sikap bahasa dapat mengubah nilai pasar dan penentuan harga barang yang dijual sangat mungkin terpengaruh oleh selera masyarakat.
Alih dan campur kode, bagi saya, merupakan gejala yang wajar terjadi, apalagi kalau penuturnya tinggal di suatu tempat yang ditopang oleh kecanggihan teknologi dan ketersediaan akses informasi. Perlu diingat juga, alih dan campur kode tidak selalu dan semata-mata muncul karena seorang individu ingin memamerkan kecakapannya. Terkadang, faktor eksternal juga mendorong kita untuk “membeli” bahasa yang paling tepat. Dalam hal ini, menurut Pak Rahmat, nilai tukar bahasa Indonesia pada pasar linguistik nasional cenderung rendah.
#alihkode #campurkode #pasarlinguistik #sikapbahasa
Rujukan:
- Irawan, Dessy & Rahmat Petuguran. 2021. Selisik Kebahasaan #7-Mengenal Alih dan Campur Kode. Jakarta: Narabahasa. Ditayangkan pada 26 Oktober 2021.
- Kridalaksana, Harimurti. 2009. Kamus Linguistik: Edisi Keempat. Jakarta: Gramedia Pustaka Utama.
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Super insightful and fresh perspective.
You made it so easy to understand.
188V có hệ thống cảnh báo biến động tài khoản – bạn sẽ nhận thông báo ngay khi số dư thay đổi. TONY01-16