Preposisi merupakan kata tugas dengan makna gramatikal. Dengan kata lain, makna untuk, bagi, demi, buat, dan guna sebagai kata tugas bergantung dengan kata lain, terutama kata yang mengikutinya. Sekilas, fungsi kelima preposisi tersebut memang mirip. Simak contoh berikut.
- Bagi saya, alasan kamu itu tidak masuk akal.
- Untuk saya, alasan kamu itu tidak masuk akal.
- Buat saya, alasan kamu itu tidak masuk akal.
- Bapak bekerja sangat keras guna kesembuhan anaknya.
- Bapak bekerja sangat keras demi kesembuhan anaknya.
Kendati untuk, bagi, demi, buat, dan guna tergolong sebagai preposisi yang menandakan hubungan peruntukan, kelimanya tidak selalu bisa saling menggantikan. Perhatikan lima kalimat di bawah ini.
- Arin membelikan air mineral untuk saya.
- Arin membelikan air mineral buat saya.
- Arin membelikan air mineral *guna saya.
- Arin membelikan air mineral *demi saya.
- Arin membelikan air mineral *bagi saya.
Kalimat keenam dan ketujuh terasa wajar, sedangkan sisanya terasa janggal. Preposisi guna, demi, dan bagi tidak selalu bisa diakhiri dengan nomina atau pronomina. Sekarang perhatikan contoh berikut.
- Adi belajar dengan giat untuk mengejar ketertinggalannya.
- Adi belajar dengan giat buat mengejar ketertinggalannya.
- Adi belajar dengan giat guna mengejar ketertinggalannya.
- Adi belajar dengan giat *demi mengejar ketertinggalannya.
- Adi belajar dengan giat *bagi mengejar ketertinggalannya.
Preposisi demi dan bagi tidak dapat diikuti oleh frasa verbal. Barangkali Kerabat Nara bertanya, bukankah kalimat nomor empat belas terasa sah-sah saja? Ditambah lagi, apabila dibalik, “Demi mengejar ketertinggalannya, Adi belajar dengan giat”, kalimat tersebut terasa berterima. Namun, jangan lupa, demi mengandung makna ‘untuk (kepentingan)’. Maka, menurut penilaian saya, “Untuk kepentingan mengejar ketertinggalannya, Adi belajar dengan giat” terdengar lewah.
Dalam Seri Terampil Menulis Bahasa Indonesia: Sinonim, Saryono, Soedjito, dan Setyawanto (2021) mengemukakan kesimpulan sebagai berikut.
- Kelima preposisi tersebut dapat diikuti oleh frasa nominal.
- Preposisi bagi terasa janggal jika diletakkan sebelum verba atau frasa verbal. Perhatikan contoh nomor lima belas.
- Dalam ragam takbaku, preposisi buat lazim diikuti oleh nomina, frasa nominal, verba, dan frasa verbal.
- Preposisi untuk dapat diikuti oleh nomina, frasa nominal, verba, dan frasa verbal. Perhatikan contoh nomor dua, enam, dan sebelas.
- Preposisi guna dapat diikuti oleh frasa nominal, verba, dan frasa verbal. Perhatikan contoh nomor empat dan tiga belas.
- Preposisi demi bisa diikuti oleh frasa nominal. Perhatikan contoh nomor lima.
Rujukan:
- Moeliono, Anton M., dkk. 2017. Tata Bahasa Baku Bahasa Indonesia Edisi Keempat. Jakarta: Badan Pengembangan dan Pembinaan Bahasa.
- Saryono, Soedjito, & Setyawanto. 2021. Seri Terampil Menulis Bahasa Indonesia: Sinonim. Jakarta: PT Bumi Aksara.
Penulis: Yudhistira
Penyunting: Ivan Lanin
44 komentar
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