Hari ini hari Minggu, waktu yang tepat untuk saya membaca koran. Iya, saya masih membaca koran—kendati saya sudah beralih ke versi digital—untuk memantau informasi terkini mengenai apa pun. Saya tertambat pada sebuah artikel opini yang ditulis oleh Deden Habibi Ali Alfathimy, seorang Peneliti Kebijakan Antariksa di BRIN dan mahasiswa doktoral University of Leicester. Beliau menulis perkembangan satelit di Indonesia dengan judul “Habis Palapa, Terbit Satria”.
Tulisan Deden justru mengantarkan saya pada hal menarik lainnya. “Sementara tol langit dan transformasi digital tak mengizinkan seorang pun tertinggal, Satria menjadi pelengkap kehadiran negara di wilayah-wilayah terdepan, terluar, dan tertinggal (3T) (Kompas, 20 Juni 2023),” tulisnya. Apa itu tol langit?
Tol langit adalah sebuah istilah untuk menggambarkan pemerataan internet di Indonesia. Ifa dalam “Tol Langit untuk Pemerataan Internet di Tanah Air” mengemukakan, “Tol langit menggambarkan sambungan jaringan internet yang bebas hambatan untuk pemerataan internet di Indonesia, didukung oleh jaringan tulang punggung (backbone) nasional atau Palapa Ring.” Upaya ini digencarkan setelah pembangunan Proyek Palapa Ring menjadi fokus Kementerian Komunikasi dan Informatika.
Pada situs Kominfo, Rudiantara selaku Menteri Komunikasi dan Informatika Republik Indonesia pada Kabinet Kerja menyatakan bahwa “Kalau Palapa Ring ini sudah selesai dibangun, istilahnya jalan tol-nya, berarti jalan masuknya lebih mudah karena yang mahal itu jalan tol.” Istilah dan penjelasan yang amat teknis ini, saya rasa, sudah disederhanakan oleh Dr. Laksana Tri Handoko M.Sc. yang menerangkan tol langit sebagai pembangunan infrastruktur telekomunikasi berupa pembangunan serat optik di seluruh Indonesia sepanjang 36 ribu kilometer.
Secara pembentukan kata, tol langit adalah kompositum atau kata majemuk. Ia berbeda dari frasa atau gabungan kata. Kata majemuk terbentuk akibat proses morfologis, sedangkan frasa adalah hasil dari proses sintaksis.
Kompositum dapat dibagi menjadi kompositum nonidiomatis, kompositum semiidiomatis, dan kompositum idiomatis. Adu lari, misalnya, adalah kompositum nonidiomatis sebab memiliki makna yang literal, yakni ‘adu lari’. Contoh kata majemuk semiidiomatis adalah anak angkat. Satuan angkat pada konstruksi tersebut memiliki makna khusus. Sementara itu, kompositum idiomatis dapat kita temui pada banting tulang yang secara keseluruhan memuat makna khusus.
Bagi saya, tol langit adalah kompositum idiomatis. Jika berdiri secara mandiri, tol dan langit jelas memiliki makna harfiah yang sudah kita ketahui. Namun, ketika keduanya bergabung sebagai kata majemuk, tol langit merujuk pada makna lain, yaitu akses internet tanpa hambatan.
Terlepas dari pembentukan katanya, apakah tol langit dapat berhasil menghadirkan akses internet yang merata di Indonesia? Tentu saja, tantangannya banyak. Salah satunya adalah penyuluhan bagi masyarakat perdesaan yang mungkin belum terbiasa menggunakan internet. Apakah semua orang di Indonesia betul-betul membutuhkan atau sudah siap menggunakan tol?
Rujukan:
- Alfathimy, Deden Habibi Ali. 2023. “Habis Palapa, Terbit Satria”. Kompas.id. Diakses pada 9 Juli 2023.
- Handoko, Laksana Tri. 2020. “Menyikapi Pembangunan ‘Tol Langit’ di Pedesaan”. Lembaga Ilmu Pengetahuan Indonesia. Diakses pada 9 Juli 2023.
- Ifa. 2021. “Tol Langit untuk Pemerataan Internet di Tanah Air”. Media Indonesia. Diakses pada 9 Juli 2023.
- Kominfo. 2019. “Ini Perkembangan Program Tol Langit!”. Diakses pada 9 Juli 2023.
- Kridalaksana, Harimurti. 2010. Pembentukan Kata dalam Bahasa Indonesia. Jakarta: Gramedia Pustaka Utama.
- Subekti, Rahayu. 2021. “Menghadirkan Tol Langit Atasi Kesenjangan Digital”. Republika. Diakses pada 9 Juli 2023.
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