J.S. Badudu: Sang Pendekar Bahasa

oleh Yudhistira
Ilustrasi J.S. Badudu

Semasa mempelajari bahasa Indonesia di sekolah dahulu, guru saya sering menyebut nama J.S. Badudu. Jejak beliau dalam dunia bahasa Indonesia modern bisa ditemukan di mana-mana, baik di berbagai buku pelajaran maupun di televisi. Jelas saja, dia merupakan seorang ahli bahasa yang sudah melahirkan buku-buku mengenai tata bahasa. J.S. Badudu juga pernah menjabat sebagai dosen bahasa Indonesia selama puluhan tahun di Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung.

Lahir di Gorontalo, 19 Maret 1926, Jusuf Sjarif Badudu mulai tertarik dengan bahasa Indonesia karena keterpaksaan. Kebijakan pemerintah pada masa awal kemerdekaan Republik Indonesia mengharuskan beliau untuk melepaskan jurusan matematika sebagai pilihannya. Dia lalu menekuni bahasa Indonesia dan tanpa disangka jatuh cinta terhadapnya hingga akhir hayat.

Kurang lebih sebelas buku dan empat kamus telah disusun oleh J.S. Badudu. Dia pun berulang kali bekerja sama dengan Pusat Bahasa, misalnya, dalam penelitian Morfologi Bahasa Indonesia Lisan dan Morfologi Bahasa Indonesia Tulisan, serta dalam pembuatan Buku Panduan Penulisan Tata Bahasa Indonesia untuk Sekolah Menengah Pertama. Dua buku yang ditulisnya juga digunakan sebagai pedoman dalam bahasa Indonesia, yakni Ejaan Bahasa Indonesia dan Inilah Bahasa Indonesia yang Benar. Namun, salah satu karya terbesarnya adalah Kamus Umum Bahasa Indonesia yang merupakan perbaikan atas Kamus Modern Bahasa Indonesia karya Sutan Mohammad Zain.

Kedisiplinan J.S. Badudu dalam menggarap bahasa Indonesia tidak hanya tecermin melalui buku-buku yang ia susun. Pada tahun 1970-an hingga 1980-an, beliau hadir di TVRI dalam siaran Pembinaan Bahasa Indonesia. Dia pun lantang dalam memberikan kritik kepada siapa pun yang menggunakan bahasa Indonesia secara tidak tepat. Salah satu contohnya adalah keberaniannya dalam melakukan kritik penggunaan akhiran –keun yang banyak digunakan oleh masyarakat pada masa itu, termasuk Presiden Soeharto. 

Selain itu, beliau juga pernah mengkritik penggunaan daripada yang keliru. Dalam Inilah Bahasa Indonesia yang Benar III (1989), J.S. Badudu mengungkapkan,

“Pemakaian kata daripada yang tidak ada dasar aturannya, yang berlebihan dewasa ini, dianggap sebagai suatu ‘penyakit’ bahasa yang sukar disembuhkan. Dari pejabat tinggi sampai kepada kaum menengah, kata daripada seperti diobral saja pemakaiannya …. Ada orang yang dalam pidatonya menggunakan berpuluh-puluh kata daripada yang tidak menurut aturan itu. Orang yang terlalu banyak menggunakan kata daripada yang tak tepat dapat dijuluki ‘Bapak Daripada’ …. Anda tak mau dijuluki seperti itu, bukan?”

Berkat keberaniannya tersebut, J.S. Badudu sering disebut sebagai Pendekar Bahasa. Semasa hidupnya, beliau menjadi wadah bagi banyak orang untuk berkonsultasi tentang kebahasaan. Bahkan, Uu Suhardi, salah satu wartawan senior Tempo, mengatakan, “… jika punya pertanyaan tentang bahasa, bacalah buku-buku dia, niscaya Anda akan menemukan jawabannya.”

Hingga pada akhir usianya, kecintaannya pada bahasa Indonesia tetap tidak pudar. Pada usia yang sudah senja, J.S. Badudu bahkan sempat menyusun Kamus Kata-Kata Serapan Asing dalam Bahasa Indonesia yang ternyata menghabiskan waktu tujuh tahun lamanya. Kerja keras dan dedikasinya mengantar beliau menyabet bintang jasa dari Pemerintah Republik Indonesia pada 2001, yakni Satya Lencana dan Bintang Mahaputra.

Beliau berpulang di Kota Bandung pada 2016 lalu, tempat ia mengabdikan diri menjadi pengajar dan mendapatkan gelar guru besar pertama di Universitas Padjadjaran. 

 

Rujukan:

Penulis: Yudhistira

Penyunting: Ivan Lanin

 

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