Kerabat Nara mungkin sudah familier dengan tanda pagar (#). Tanda ini sering sekali kita temui di media sosial dengan sebutan hashtag atau tagar. Fungsinya adalah memetakan topik yang sedang marak diperbincangkan dalam dunia maya. Selain itu, banyak pula jenama yang memanfaatkan tagar sebagai kategori pilar-pilar konten digital di medsos.
Saya penasaran. Sebetulnya, apa asal-usul tanda pagar ini?
Anoosh Chakelian (2014), seorang penyunting bahasa pada majalah The New Statesman, menulis sebuah artikel panjang yang menyelidiki sejarah penggunaan tanda pagar. Berdasarkan penjelasannya, tanda # berasal dari bahasa Latin dan digunakan oleh bangsa Romawi Kuno. Pada mulanya, # mengartikan libra pondo (‘pound in weight’) yang kemudian disingkat menjadi lb. Dengan sedikit modifikasi, tanda ini lantas dikenal sebagai tanda paun (poundsterling).
Dalam tulisan tersebut, Chakelian mengutip pemaparan Keith Houston yang telah menulis buku Shady Characters: The Secret Life of Punctuation, Symbols & Other Typographical Marks (2013). Houston menyatakan bahwa salah satu fakta menarik mengenai tanda pagar adalah penamaan dan penggunaannya yang sangat beragam. Simbol itu serbaguna. Ia dapat dimanfaatkan untuk (1) menunjukkan nomor, seperti pada judul “Episode Lisan #1”; (2) menandakan sekakmat dalam permainan catur; dan (3) melambangkan tanda not naik setengah nada dalam musik. Pada 1870-an, lambang pagar sudah termaktub dalam mesin tik berdesain qwerty. Pasalnya, saat itu tanda # marak sekali digunakan oleh para pelaku bisnis.
Selain itu, tanda pagar juga memiliki peranan yang krusial dalam teknologi telepon. Pada 1960-an, Laboratorium Bell menambahkan simbol pagar pada tuts telepon. Dengan ini pengguna telepon bisa menghubungi penyedia layanan telekomunikasi.
Kemudian, penggunaan tanda pagar makin merebak ketika platform Internet Relay Chat (IRC) memanfaatkanya sebagai penandaan metadata (metadata tag) pada 1988. Lalu, pada 2007, tanda pagar pertama kali digunakan oleh seorang pencinta tipografi, Chris Messina, dalam platform Twitter. Lambat laun, Twitter secara resmi menggunakan tanda pagar sebagai fitur hipertaut. Dari sinilah, tagar berkembang. Google, Facebook, YouTube, dan Instagram kini mengenal fitur tagging dengan tanda pagar.
Perlu diketahui, dalam bahasa Indonesia, tanda pagar belum diresmikan sebagai tanda baca. Pedoman Umum Ejaan Bahasa Indonesia hanya menyebutkan lima belas tanda baca, yaitu tanda titik, koma, titik koma, titik dua, hubung, pisah, tanya, seru, elipsis, petik ganda, petik tunggal, kurung, kurung siku, garis miring, dan apostrof. Kendati demikian, saya rasa tidak ada salahnya memanfaatkan tagar dalam penulisan kreatif. Pada poster atau konten bergambar, misalnya, kita bisa menyertakan kata kunci dengan tagar untuk menegaskan kategori konten. Lebih dari itu, seperti yang sudah saya contohkan sebelumnya, tanda pagar dapat secara ringkas menyiratkan nomor episode, bab, atau pengurutan lainnya.
#tandapagar #tagar
Rujukan:
- Chakelian, Anoosh. 2014. “#History: the journey and many faces of the hash symbol”. The New Statesman. Diakses pada 6 Januari 2022.
- MacArthur, Amanda. 2021. “History of Hashtags and Use in Social Media”. Lifewire. Diakses pada 6 Januari 2022.
Penulis: Yudhistira
Penyunting: Ivan Lanin
5 komentar
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