Beberapa kali, Narabahasa sudah menerbitkan artikel mengenai menyimak. Selain menulis, membaca, dan berbicara, menyimak tergolong ke dalam salah satu keterampilan berbahasa. Pernahkah Kerabat Nara bertanya-tanya, mengapa menyimak yang dinobatkan sebagai salah satu keterampilan berbahasa, bukan mendengarkan?
Kebetulan, saya tengah membaca buku You’re Not Listening: What You’re Missing and Why It Matters (2020) karya Kate Murphy. Beliau merupakan seorang jurnalis. Pekerjaannya adalah mewawancarai narasumber, yang menurutnya tidak terlepas dari ketekunan untuk menyimak.
“Many of the stories I have written for The Times have landed on the most-emailed and most-read lists, and not because I took down someone powerful or uncovered a scandal. It was because I listened to people talk about what made them happy, sad, intrigued, annoyed, concerned, or confused and then tried my best to address and expand on what they said.”
Murphy membedakan hearing dengan listening. Menurutnya, hearing adalah tindakan yang pasif, sedangkan listening merupakan tindakan yang aktif. Dalam bukunya, Murphy menulis, “… hearing is not the same as listening, but rather its forerunner.” Dengan kata lain, mendengarkan adalah landasan untuk menyimak. Untuk bisa menyimak, kita perlu mendengarkan terlebih dahulu.
Saya lantas mencari perbedaan mendengarkan dan menyimak di internet. Sanjana Gupta (2021) memaparkan bahwa mendengarkan adalah hal yang tidak sengaja, tanpa upaya, dan dicirikan dengan menangkap bunyi. Sebaliknya, menyimak dilakukan secara sengaja dan sadar. Perlu upaya untuk bisa menyimak. Terlebih, menyimak bukanlah sekadar menangkap bunyi, melainkan memproses makna. Dapat dikatakan, seseorang bisa mendengarkan, tanpa menyimak.
Perbedaan antara mendengarkan dan menyimak dapat juga kita ketahui melalui pemaknaan yang tercantum dalam KBBI. Mendengarkan diartikan sebagai ‘mendengar akan sesuatu dengan sungguh-sungguh; memasang telinga baik-baik untuk mendengar’ dan ‘memperhatikan; mengindahkan; menurut (nasihat, bujukan, dan sebagainya)’. Sementara itu, menyimak adalah ‘mendengarkan (memperhatikan) baik-baik apa yang diucapkan atau dibaca orang’ dan ‘meninjau (memeriksa, mempelajari) dengan teliti’. Kita bisa lihat, dalam menyimak, terdapat diksi mendengarkan.
Rujukan:
- Gupta, Sanjana, 2021. “Hearing vs. Listening: Learn the Difference and How Each Impact Mental Health”. Verywell Mind. Diakses pada 2 November 2022.
- Murphy, Kate. 2020. You’re Not Listening: What You’re Missing and Why It Matters. New York: Celadon Books.
Penulis: Yudhistira
Penyunting: Ivan Lanin

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